Objects of the istream class can be constructed and destructed.
public:virtual ~istream()
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Destructs an istream object.
public:istream(streambuf*, int sk, ostream* t = 0)
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Obsolete. Do not use.
public:istream(streambuf*)
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This constructor takes a single argument, a pointer to a streambuf, and creates an istream object that is attached to the streambuf object. The constructor also initializes the format variables to their defaults.
Note: The other istream constructor declarations in iostream.h are obsolete; do not use them.
public:istream(int size, char*, int sk = 1)
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Obsolete. Do not use.
public:istream(int fd, int sk = 1, ostream* t = 0)
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Obsolete. Do not use.
protected:istream()
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Obsolete. Do not use.
You can use the extract functions to extract characters from a stream buffer as a sequence of bytes. All of these functions call ipfx(1). They only proceed with their processing if ipfx(1) returns a nonzero value.
Returns the number of characters extracted from the stream buffer by the last call to an unformatted input function. The input operator >> may call unformatted input functions, and thus formatted input may affect the value returned by gcount().
public:int gcount()
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This function returns an int value for 32-bit applications. It is not available for 64-bit applications.
public:long gcount()
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This function returns a long value for 64-bit applications. It is not available for 32-bit applications.
public:int get()
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Extracts a single character from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and returns it. Returns EOF if EOF is extracted. ios::failbit is never set.
public:istream& get(char*, int lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
get() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream& get(unsigned char& c)
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Extracts a single character from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores this character in c.
public:istream& get(signed char* b, int lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
get() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream& get(streambuf& sb, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the streambuf, sb. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when any of the following conditions is true:
public:istream& get(unsigned char* b, long lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
get() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& get(char& c)
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Extracts a single character from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores this character in c.
public:istream& get(signed char& c)
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Extracts a single character from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores this character in c.
public:istream& get(wchar_t&)
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Extracts a single wchar_t character from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores this character in c.
public:istream& get(unsigned char* b, int lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
get() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream& get(signed char* b, long lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
get() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& get(char*, long lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
get() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& get_complicated(signed char& c)
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Internal function. Do not use.
public:istream& get_complicated(unsigned char& c)
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Internal function. Do not use.
public:istream& get_complicated(char& c)
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Internal function. Do not use.
public:istream&
getline( unsigned char* b,
int lim,
char delim = '\n' )
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
getline() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
getline() is like get() with three arguments, except that get() does not extract the delim character from the stream buffer, while getline() does.
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream&
getline( unsigned char* b,
long lim,
char delim = '\n' )
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
getline() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
getline() is like get() with three arguments, except that get() does not extract the delim character from the stream buffer, while getline() does.
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& getline(char* b, int lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
getline() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
getline() is like get() with three arguments, except that get() does not extract the delim character from the stream buffer, while getline() does.
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream& getline(char* b, long lim, char delim = '\n')
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
getline() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
getline() is like get() with three arguments, except that get() does not extract the delim character from the stream buffer, while getline() does.
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream&
getline( signed char* b,
int lim,
char delim = '\n' )
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
getline() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
getline() is like get() with three arguments, except that get() does not extract the delim character from the stream buffer, while getline() does.
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream&
getline( signed char* b,
long lim,
char delim = '\n' )
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Extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in the byte array beginning at the location pointed to by the first argument and extending for lim bytes. The default value of the delim argument is '\n'. Extraction stops when either of the following conditions is true:
getline() always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if it does not extract any characters from the stream buffer. ios::failbit is set if EOF is encountered before any characters are stored.
getline() is like get() with three arguments, except that get() does not extract the delim character from the stream buffer, while getline() does.
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& ignore(int n = 1, int delim = EOF)
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Extracts up to n characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and discards them. ignore() will extract fewer than n characters if it encounters delim or EOF.
public:int peek()
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peek() calls ipfx(1). If ipfx() returns 0, or if no more input is available from the ultimate producer, peek() returns EOF. Otherwise, it returns the next character in the stream buffer without extracting the character.
public:istream& read(char* s, long n)
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Extracts n characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in an array beginning at the position pointed to by s. If EOF is encountered before read() extracts n characters, read() sets the ios::failbit in the error state of the istream object. You can determine the number of characters that read() extracted by calling gcount() immediately after the call to read().
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& read(signed char* s, int n)
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Extracts n characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in an array beginning at the position pointed to by s. If EOF is encountered before read() extracts n characters, read() sets the ios::failbit in the error state of the istream object. You can determine the number of characters that read() extracted by calling gcount() immediately after the call to read().
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream& read(unsigned char* s, long n)
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Extracts n characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in an array beginning at the position pointed to by s. If EOF is encountered before read() extracts n characters, read() sets the ios::failbit in the error state of the istream object. You can determine the number of characters that read() extracted by calling gcount() immediately after the call to read().
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& read(unsigned char* s, int n)
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Extracts n characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in an array beginning at the position pointed to by s. If EOF is encountered before read() extracts n characters, read() sets the ios::failbit in the error state of the istream object. You can determine the number of characters that read() extracted by calling gcount() immediately after the call to read().
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream& read(signed char* s, long n)
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Extracts n characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in an array beginning at the position pointed to by s. If EOF is encountered before read() extracts n characters, read() sets the ios::failbit in the error state of the istream object. You can determine the number of characters that read() extracted by calling gcount() immediately after the call to read().
This function is available for 64-bit applications. The second argument is a long value.
public:istream& read(char* s, int n)
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Extracts n characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and stores them in an array beginning at the position pointed to by s. If EOF is encountered before read() extracts n characters, read() sets the ios::failbit in the error state of the istream object. You can determine the number of characters that read() extracted by calling gcount() immediately after the call to read().
This function is available for 32-bit applications. The second argument is an int value.
public:istream& rs_complicated(signed char& c)
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Internal function. Do not use.
public:istream& rs_complicated(char& c)
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Internal function. Do not use.
public:istream& rs_complicated(unsigned char& c)
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Internal function. Do not use.
protected:void eatwhite()
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Internal function. Do not use.
Input operators supported by istream objects.
public:istream& operator >>(float&)
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The input operator converts characters from the stream buffer attached to the input stream according to the C++ lexical conventions.
The following conversions occur for certain string values:
Note that if you use thse string values as input in a program compiled with z/OS C/C++, the input operator will not recognize them as floating point numbers and will set ios::badbit in the stream's error state.
The resulting value is stored in the reference location provided. The input operator sets ios::failbit if no digits are available in the stream buffer or if the digits that are available do not begin a floating-point number.
public:istream& operator >>(char*)
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The input operator stores characters from the stream buffer attached to the input stream in the array pointed to by the argument. The input operator stores characters until a white-space character is found. This white-space character is left in the stream buffer, and the extraction stops. If ios::x_width does not equal 0, a maximum of ios::x_width - 1 characters are extracted. The input operator calls width(0) to reset the ios::x_width to 0.
The input operator always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if an error occurs.
public:istream& operator >>(int&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
public:istream& operator >>(long double&)
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The input operator converts characters from the stream buffer attached to the input stream according to the C++ lexical conventions.
The following conversions occur for certain string values:
Note that if you use thse string values as input in a program compiled with z/OS C/C++, the input operator will not recognize them as floating point numbers and will set ios::badbit in the stream's error state.
The resulting value is stored in the reference location provided. The input operator sets ios::failbit if no digits are available in the stream buffer or if the digits that are available do not begin a floating-point number.
public:istream& operator >>(ios & ( * f ) ( ios & ))
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The following built-in manipulators are accepted by this input operator:
ios& dec(ios&)
ios& hex(ios&)
ios& oct(ios &)
These manipulators have a specific effect on an istream object beyond extracting their own values. For example, If ins is a reference to an istream object, then this statement sets ios::dec:
ins >> dec;
public:istream& operator >>(long long&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
Note: The support for long long is controlled by _LONG_LONG, __EXTENDED__, or the -q(no)longlong option.
public:istream& operator >>(long&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
public:istream& operator >>(short&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
public:istream& operator >>(signed char& c)
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The input operator extracts a character from the stream buffer attached to the input stream and stores it in c.
public:istream& operator >>(signed char*)
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The input operator stores characters from the stream buffer attached to the input stream in the array pointed to by the argument. The input operator stores characters until a white-space character is found. This white-space character is left in the stream buffer, and the extraction stops. If ios::x_width does not equal 0, a maximum of ios::x_width - 1 characters are extracted. The input operator calls width(0) to reset the ios::x_width to 0.
The input operator always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if an error occurs.
public:istream& operator >>(unsigned char*)
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The input operator stores characters from the stream buffer attached to the input stream in the array pointed to by the argument. The input operator stores characters until a white-space character is found. This white-space character is left in the stream buffer, and the extraction stops. If ios::x_width does not equal 0, a maximum of ios::x_width - 1 characters are extracted. The input operator calls width(0) to reset the ios::x_width to 0.
The input operator always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if an error occurs.
public:istream& operator >>(streambuf*)
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For pointers to streambuf objects, the input operator calls ipfx(0). If ipfx(0) returns a nonzero value, the input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer attached to the istream object and inserts them in the streambuf. Extraction stops when an EOF character is encountered.
The input operator always returns a reference to the istream object.
public:istream& operator >>(unsigned int&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
public:istream& operator >>(unsigned long long&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
Note: The support for long long is controlled by _LONG_LONG, __EXTENDED__, or the -q(no)longlong option.
public:istream& operator >>(unsigned long&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
public:istream& operator >>(unsigned short&)
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The input operator extracts characters from the stream buffer associated with the input stream and converts them according to the format state of the input stream. The converted characters are then store in the reference location provided. There is no overflow detection on conversion of integral types.
The first character extracted from the stream buffer may be a sign (+ or -). The subsequent characters are converted until a nondigit character is encountered. This nondigit character is left in the stream buffer. Which characters are treated as digits depends on the setting of the following format flags:
If none of these format flags is set, the characters are converted according to the C++ lexical conventions. This conversion depends on the characters that follow the optional sign:
If no digits are available in the stream buffer (other than the "0" in "0X" or "0x" preceding a hexadecimal value), the input operator sets ios::failbit in the error state of the input stream.
public:istream& operator >>(wchar_t&)
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The input operator extracts a wchar_t character from the stream buffer attached to the input stream and stores it in the reference location provided. If ios::skipws is set, the input operator skips leading wchar_t spaces as well as leading char white spaces.
public:istream& operator >>(wchar_t*)
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The input operator stores characters from the stream buffer attached to the input stream in the array pointed to by the argument. The input operator stores characters until a white-space character or a wchar_t blank is found. If the terminating character is a white-space character, it is left in the stream buffer. If it is a wchar_t blank, it is discarded to avoid returning two bytes to the input stream.
For wchar_t* arrays, if ios::x_width does not equal 0, a maximum of ios::x_width - 1 characters (at 2 bytes each) are extracted. A 2-character space is reserved for the wchar_t terminating null character.
The input operator resets ios::x_width to 0.
The input operator always stores a terminating null character in the array, even if an error occurs. For arrays of wchar_t*, this terminating null character is a wchar_t terminating null character.
public:istream& operator >>(unsigned char& c)
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The input operator extracts a character from the stream buffer attached to the input stream and stores it in c.
public:istream& operator >>(istream & ( * f ) ( istream & ))
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The following built-in manipulators are accepted by this input operator:
istream& ws(istream&)
These manipulators have a specific effect on an istream object beyond extracting their own values. For example, If ins is a reference to an istream object, then this statement extracts white-space characters from the stream buffer attached to ins:
ins >> ws;
public:istream& operator >>(double&)
This is supported on

The input operator converts characters from the stream buffer attached to the input stream according to the C++ lexical conventions.
The following conversions occur for certain string values:
Note that if you use thse string values as input in a program compiled with z/OS C/C++, the input operator will not recognize them as floating point numbers and will set ios::badbit in the stream's error state.
The resulting value is stored in the reference location provided. The input operator sets ios::failbit if no digits are available in the stream buffer or if the digits that are available do not begin a floating-point number.
public:istream& operator >>(char& c)
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The input operator extracts a character from the stream buffer attached to the input stream and stores it in c.
Functions that work with the get pointer of the ultimate producer.
public:istream& putback(char c)
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putback() attempts to put an extracted character back into the stream buffer. c must equal the character before the get pointer of the stream buffer. Unless some other activity is modifying the stream buffer, this is the last character extracted from the stream buffer. If c is not equal to the character before the get pointer, the result of putback() is undefined, and the error state of the input stream may be set. putback() does not call ipfx(), but if the error state of the input stream is nonzero, putback() returns without putting back the character or setting the error state.
public:istream& seekg(streampos p)
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Sets the get pointer to the position p.
If you attempt to set the get pointer to a position that is not valid, seekg() sets ios::badbit.
public:istream& seekg(streamoff o, ios::seek_dir d)
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Sets the get pointer to the position specified by d with the offset o. The argument d can have the following values:
If you attempt to set the get pointer to a position that is not valid, seekg() sets ios::badbit.
public:int sync()
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Establishes consistency between the ultimate producer and the stream buffer attached to the input stream. sync() calls rdbuf()->sync(), which is a virtual function, so the details of its operation depend on the way the function is defined in a given derived class. If an error occurs, sync() returns EOF.
public:streampos tellg()
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Returns the current position of the get pointer of the ultimate producer.
Functions that are called either before or after extracting characters from the ultimate producer.
Checks the stream buffer attached to an istream object to determine if it is capable of satisfying requests for characters. It returns a nonzero value if the stream buffer is ready, and 0 if it is not.
The formatted input operator calls ipfx(0), while the unformatted input functions call ipfx(1).
If the error state of the istream object is nonzero, ipfx() returns 0. Otherwise, the stream buffer attached to the istream object is flushed if either of the following conditions is true:
If ios::skipws is set in the format state of the istream object and noskipws has a value of 0, leading white-space characters are extracted from the stream buffer and discarded. If ios::hardfail is set or EOF is encountered, ipfx() returns 0. Otherwise, it returns a nonzero value.
public:int ipfx(int noskipws = 0)
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This function accepts an int value for 32-bit applications. It is not available for 64-bit applications.
public:int ipfx(long noskipws = 0)
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This function accepts a long value for 64-bit applications. It is not available for 32-bit applications.
public:void isfx()
This is supported on

Internal function. Do not use.
protected:int do_ipfx(long noskipws)
This is supported on

Internal function. Do not use.
This function is available for 64-bit applications. It accepts a long argument.
protected:int do_ipfx(int noskipws)
This is supported on

Internal function. Do not use.
This function is available for 32-bit applications. It accepts an int argument.