Conversion between character and double-byte graphic fields consists of adding or removing shift-out and shift-in bracketing and possibly performing CCSID conversion on the graphic data.
When you use character, graphic, and UCS-2 values with different types or CCSIDs in the same operation, conversions must be done to ensure that all the values have the same type and CCSID. The conversions can be done explicitly, using the conversion built-in functions %CHAR, %UCS2 or %GRAPH. However, in the following scenarios, the conversion built-in functions do not have to be specified; the compiler will do the conversions implicitly when necessary: